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Strange Medical Mysteries (Mutter Museum)Travel Channel Pt.1
Medical common sense and close urgent relieve a sick or injured person suffer heatstroke alleged heatstroke is to be below broiling environment, human body cannot send out the heat up and brings about temperature of the excessive inside body rises. The red, dry, temperature that do not have sweat rises expressional skin tide of heatstroke tall, can amount to centigrade pulse of 40 degrees of above accelerates consciousness not clear even the spot relieve a sick or injured person that shock suffers heatstroke moves the patient instantly to shady and cool and ventilated place, lie low, loose solution garment is buckled. Give a patient drinkable and cool and refreshing drink, wait like boiled water of soup of boiled water, gram, weak salt. The symptom is serious person, guzzle of avoid by all means, use a few for many times method, every time with exceeding 300 milliliter advisable. Undertake physics drops in temperature as soon as possible, add a few alcohol to swab the whole body with cold water, the head can place ice bag or cold water towel, usable also fanner airs to its heat up with coming loose quickly. Through afore-mentioned processing, when still having improvement like the symptom, the volunteer should be rapid call 120 or the emergency treatment doctor inside match place. 2, traumatic relieve a sick or injured person Scar is the loss of human body organization that all sorts of elements that cause an injury cause and functional obstacle. Light person cause body to express injury, cause ache or bleed; The person that weigh brings about functional obstacle, deformity, die even. Traumatic relieve a sick or injured person includes hemostatic, wrap up, fixed, carry 4 technologies. Technology of traumatic spot relieve a sick or injured person encounters the sick and wounded of haemorrhage, fracture, personnel of relieve a sick or injured person should keep composed above all, do good ego protection, rapid examination hurts feeling, handle the sick and wounded quickly, at the same time the emergency treatment personnel of phone of call emergency treatment or place. 1. Hemostatic technology bleeds, especially massive haemorrhage, belong to traumatic danger to weigh urgent disease, if rescue is not seasonable, injury person can have life risk. First hemostatic technology is technology of traumatic emergency treatment. Hemostatic method has the spot commonly usedly 4 kinds, the basis when using is traumatic circumstance, can use a kind, also can combine a few kinds of hemostatic methods to apply together, in order to achieve fast, effective, safe hemostatic goal. Point to press hemostatic law to oppress directly hemostatic: With clean dressing the lid is on haemorrhage place, oppress directly hemostatic. Oppress secondhand hemostatic: What with finger oppressive cut close heart carries is arterial, block decides arterial blood fate, can achieve fast and hemostatic goal effectively. Pressurization wraps up hemostatic law uses towel of dressing or other and clean towel, handkerchief, triangle to wait cover cut, pressurization wraps up achieve hemostatic goal. Hemostatic law uses ram alexipharmic gauze, dressing (if do not have, replace with clean cloth) ram is inside cut, reoccupy pressurization wraps up the law wraps up. Key clew: [like that ぴ bakes encouraging of fluorene of barren of Tuo foal firm Lie is troubled by Song of accept silk! ∩ of of ā of of few of of ≈ few shows Mou Kehui of few the upside in place of?/3 of Piao of expostulate with daughter-in-law, ham, this law is last kinds of hemostatic method, the problem such as time of the degree of degree of tightness of the material that should notice to use when the operation, hemostatic belt, mark. 2. wraps up the technology uses cut well and truly from net of stickup, nylon to cover, the material that towel of gauze, bandage, triangle or other spot can use wrap up, it is the important segment of traumatic relieve a sick or injured person. It can remove fast and hemostatic, protection cut, prevent to pollute, reduce aching effect, be helpful for have a change of luck and further treatment. Ministry of bandage bag difficult to handle " 8 " the word wraps up It applies to shoulder, ancon, knee joint, gambrel as much wrap up. Helix wraps up apply to limb place wrap up, to antebrachium and crus, because degree of finish falls to differ on limbs, use helix to be folded instead wrap up, the effect will be better. Trigonometry towel binding head carries cap type on the head to wrap up: Apply to the wounded with traumatic head. Humeral ministry wraps up: Apply to humeral ministry to have traumatic wounded person. Pectoral back wraps up: Apply to prothorax or hind the back has traumatic wounded person. Abdomen wraps up: Apply to abdomen or hip to have traumatic wounded person. Hand (sufficient) the ministry wraps up: Apply to a hand or sufficient have traumatic wounded person, when wrapping up, must middle finger (foot) apart. Knee joint wraps up: Apply to ancon to wrap up articulatorily likewise, wrap up than bandage more when the province, wrap up the area is large and firm. Fracture of fixed technology overview secures 3. fracture can prevent fracture to carry shift, reduce the anguish of the sick and wounded, prevent fracture effectively to carry scathing blood-vessel, nerve. In encounter when having fracture the sick and wounded, should keep ad cool-headed and sober. Reduce pair of the sick and wounded as far as possible move, undertake quickly fixed to the sick and wounded, as soon as possible call 120 or personnel of the emergency treatment inside place, so that they are inside the shortest time,hurry to the spot to handle the sick and wounded. Fracture spot secures a law: Antebrachium fracture secures to use splint to secure to use beside desirable the convenient equipment that arrive is fixed Crus fracture secures methodological crus fracture to be able to use be good at limb to undertake fixed Pelvic fracture is fixed 5. Carry a technology to summarize classics spot necessary hemostatic, after wrap up and be being secured, just can be carried and convoy the wounded, according to the injury situation is serious person preferential, take second place of the person that affection waits in, flesh wound person final principle is carried. The sick and wounded that has rachis fracture to suspicion must be used " log " the principle undertakes carrying, make rachis remains neutral. In carrying whole process, want to observe the expression of the sick and wounded at any time, monitor its life style to ask for, meet the condition with exasperate illness having an injury, should stop to carry instantly, cure of on the spot. To serious and traumatic the wounded, carry by professional medical personnel as far as possible.
2, essay question (60 minutes, answer be in from the back on answering question paper)
1, what is party flag of badge of Chinese Communist party? (4 minutes)
Badge of Chinese Communist party is hook and the pattern that peen constitutes. Chinese Communist party flag has the red flag of design of badge of golden yellow party for banner face compose.
2, the decision that how the inferior organization of the party handles ranking organization? (5 minutes)
The inferior organization of the party must implement the decision of ranking organization stoutly. If inferior organization thinks the decision of ranking organization does not accord with the actual condition of door of our region, cadre, can request a change; If ranking organization holds to original decision, inferior organization must be carried out, must not express different opinion publicly, but have right to go up again one class organizes a report.
3, is the Chinese Communist in is socialism primary what is the main line of level? (5 minutes)
Leader and unitive the people of all nations, with economy construction is a center, hold to 4 basic principles, hold to reforming and opening, self-made, do poineering work difficultly, the socialistic modernization state that becomes prosperous and strong, democratic, civilization to build our country and struggle.
4, " 3 delegates " what is the historical status of serious thought? (5 minutes)
"3 delegates " serious thought is theory of pair of Marxism-Lininism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping accede and develop, the new requirement that the development change that reflected contemporary world and China works to party and country, it is the construction that strengthen and improves a party, powerful and academic weapon that advances our country socialism to ego is perfected and develop, it is the crystallization of wisdom of Chinese Communist collective, it is a party must long-term importunate guiding ideology. Accomplish from beginning to end " 3 delegates " , be our party establish a party this, those who be in office base, the source of force.
5, " party constitution " in represent party organization to publish significant position to have to Party member individual why to set? (5 minutes)
Party member individual expresses important view on behalf of party organization, if exceed leading Party group to knit the range that already had a decision, the leading Party group that must refer a place knits discussion decision, or organize ask for instructions to ranking party. Any Party members no matter functionary discretion, cannot the individual decides major problem; If meet emergency, when must making a decision by the individual, after the event should organize a report quickly to the party. Do not allow any leader to execute an individual star-chamber and override the individual on the organization.
The seventeen gives birth to cadre quality about promoting enter a higher school greatly requirement that fulfils a party to carry out, rise further new the integrated quality of cadre of a student, promote school spirit, style of study, on November 1 afternoon 4: 00, fundamental college of medical holds cadre of 2007 class student ceremoniously to training class. Vice secretary of courtyard Party committee Mr. Gu Min and each grade counsellor are attended training meeting.
Groom this class with fostering new cadre integrated ability is a center, build civilized and harmonious campus to give priority to a problem with compose, undertook to cadre of 07 class student the system training. The conference flies by Wang Peng the teacher is chaired, individual of union of outstanding student cadre experienced high grade to tell about working experience and working method and skill to 07 class classmate, how does Mr. Tong Hongwei make good group appoint, student union job was done elaborate in detail, mr. Ren Xinwei, Mr. Liu Jian, Mr. Zhou Yu works with respect to grade respectively, one‘s deceased father grind reach how to cooperate the respect such as teacher job to make the introduction. Finally, gu Min‘s secretary made summary to the working circumstance of this school year, when to put forward to hope to everybody. Requirement classmates learn seventeen great mind seriously, improve oneself thought quality ceaselessly, want to have service consciousness and consecratory mind, severe at be self restrained, had done every work seriously, want to establish global concept, unitive cooperation, be brave in to innovate, want effort study, diligent at practice, the model is the first since action. Whole training the class is well-ordered, atmosphere is rigorous and active.
The student cadre of 07 class expresses to training this have important sense to them, have positive direct effect to class and year work are begun after them, they will accede and develop the characteristic work way of group of cadre of student of fundamental college of medical, service at the school, the service is fastened at the courtyard, service at the classmate, contend for for Zhengzhou university achieve top-ranking university to make due contribution.
The reflection that medical art training and expect
Medicine and art, so baronial proposition, let me feel terrified indeed, surprised.
Of amid of be mingled with still have probably a lot of another affection. Pursue medical and artistic research these year, have bit of results really, but more it is bemused, it is between this results and bewilderment, I try hard seeking a solution, a kind of explanation, a kind of result.
Modern society is swept across by the crosscurrent of content desire, it seems that people forgets art already why content, same, already also was the dream of a lot of junior people no longer to artistic pursuit. See a lot of contemporary youths every time, the station draws the sort of distaining that consider look before high in Buddhist; Listen respectfully tall treats · Ainaisiku of violin music spellbound; Perhaps also be opposite " path be no good Yu Hai of the float that multiply Fu " muddled. Let me feel aching from the bottom of the heart.
Is this how? I ask myself constantly.
Modern medical mode is the change as human society progress and disease chart, people realises the inadequacy of original medical mode gradually, and the live thing that offer - psychology - social medical mode. Developed vast space for modern medical, gifted richer connotation, extended medical state. Emphasize caring a patient, pay close attention to a society, those who pay attention to technology and service is collective rise. And as traditional as China on certain level medical has tend consistent place. Hinted the development direction of modern medical.
And the regression of the nature that what modern medical emphasizes is pair of people. The kind that modern medical includes more diversity. I have reason to believe, this medical will be united in wedlock faultlessly with art. Also hope this union, can bring a few new things to this society.
Although, medical art training be being returned at present in China is blank, but I believe to be met sooner or later some. From do not have have, itself is a kind of progress.
On November 27, 2009, health of peaceful and general manager of department of medical of group of sincere medical treatment, China promotes can assistant secretary to grow Mr Sun Deyi to arrive at Shenyang, right personnel of the 202 centers that put cure " trigeminal painful advisory net " , " stereo and directional radiative and surgical magazine " , the content such as clinical scientific research and academic conference had detailed introduction, make central personnel gains very big. Finally, countrywide learning conference held be related to reach initial purpose in Shenyang first half of the year 2010. Here, thank Sun Zong!
Xinhua net Shanghai on August 25 report (reporter Chou Yi) one of significant move that Shanghai development drives cure to change -- standardization of doctor of be in hospital training 24 days start formally, whole town will be in same on communal platform, begin those who unite standard, requirement and assessment to training. Henceforth, the beard after medic graduates passes the 1 be in hospital that reachs 3 years doctor standardization training, the hospital of Shanghai of ability make one‘s bow becomes a doctor.
Shanghai is the pilot town that the whole nation develops public hospital to reform, also be the exclusive municipality directly under the Central Government in 16 cities. As what push public hospital reform important and pilot, shanghai begins from this year, training the doctor of be in hospital that establishs a standard in the round system. As one of requirement, element of chromatically of medic graduation face is ad cool-headed the doctor of be in hospital that the course wants 3 years after how doing training just can be recruited serve as a clinician by medical establishment, among them, master unripe, doctoral student can master clinical ability to decrease accordingly according to its 1 training to 2 years time.
Shanghai health bureau expresses, training in the standardization of doctor of be in hospital this year in recruit students, standardization of doctor of 39 be in hospital of whole town training the hospital already enrolled collection medic 1831 people, among them the undergraduate students is occupied 28.3% , master graduate student is occupied 60.3% , doctoral graduate student occupies 11.4%; Shanghai source of student 40.1% , nonlocal source of student occupies graduate of school of 59.9%; this locality 73.2% , nonlocal school graduate is occupied 26.8% .
According to introducing, the boy or girl friend that every is played to training by action collection, attending during traininging, with training the hospital signs " to training and labor contract " , attend lawfully and enjoy provide for the aged, medical treatment, unemployment, bear, the social security such as inductrial injury, accumulation fund, enjoy what ad cool-headed code sets pigment of state law skin and the relevant welfare pay that the contract agrees, salary bonus is mixed according to its record of formal schooling circumstance of qualifications and record of service, consult the place training the hospital is congener staff level extends. Working relationship entrusts Shanghai to defend strange talented person to communicate service center management. Groom this year‘s medical courses in general that the object is blame Shanghai source of student kind the college is graduate, can apply for to handle living card of Shanghai census register or Shanghai talent about the regulation by Shanghai
To make round general branch of 09 student union new a secretary in charge of sth people the work that can know student union and round general branch better, medical department training at holding 09 new a secretary in charge of sth late on September 28, 2009 congress. Vice secretary of controller of member of presidium of medical department student union, office, round general branch attended this meeting.
The conference just began, take person in charge of something newly people the same place that knew round general branch and student union and differentia. Student union organizes large activity, and round general branch criterion the connection with League branch, party is more, manage class and each each group general branch. In the conference, zhang Ji of assistant of Liu Fei of Yan Bingmei of chairman of department student union, vice-chairman, round general branch had a talk. In the speech, the Zhang Ji that ever won special grade scholarship points out study is Chongzhongzhi heavy, new a secretary in charge of sth people the manner Wu that right study is necessary and serious, the task is much but cannot hamper study, cannot delay main courses because of the job. She returns proposal new a secretary in charge of sth people reduce recreational recreational time appropriately, will make up for the time of study. Additional, liu Fei of vice-chairman of department student union is in a secretary in charge of sth of Xiangxin of civilized and formal respect people raised a few requirements, hope new a secretary in charge of sth people can take civilization seriously formal, see the teacher wants to say hello to for example, see learn to grow learn elder sister to want to greet sb actively, the expression when sending an announcement wants polite.
After self introduction of departmental door new a secretary in charge of sth, chairman Yan Bingmei undertook summing up to this conference. This the conference ends satisfactorily, medical fastens student union and round general branch to will greet new beginning!
Medical Marijuana - Texas - Multiple Sclerosis - Tim Timmons
1. enteroviruses EV71 affects the children before producing Yu Xueling more, blame with incidence of a disease of which one age group highest:
A. 3 years old of the following children
2. has the following the patient of what feature is in likely short-term inside development weighs case of illness for danger:
D. Above all is
In the Ke Saji virus that 3. causes brothers mouth disease, with which one model most common:
C. Cox Al6
4. brothers mouth gets a severe disease constant expression is blood sugar of disease case of illness:
A. Elevatory
The key that disease of mouth of 5. precaution brothers infects is:
B. Do good children individual, family and the sanitation that hold young orgnaization in the palm
6. about causing the strength of the enteroviruses of brothers mouth disease, of mistake of the following view is:
C. Reach to ultraviolet ray dry have stronger resistance When obstacle of function of occurrence breath of ill little patient of 7. brothers mouth, use in time pressing machinery to aerate, in parameter is being moved at the beginning of lung ventilator of proposal children patient, inspiratory oxygen chroma is:
A. 80% ～ 100%
8. should organize the epidemiology investigation that launchs brothers mouth disease below what circumstance:
D. Above all is
9. about brothers mouth disease the expression of general case, of mistake of the following view is:
C. Prognosis is poorer, can stay have neurological or the sequela such as respiratory system 10. causes the Cox of brothers mouth disease Al6 belongs to division of which one virus:
B. Division of small RNA virus
The contagion of disease of 11. brothers mouth the source is:
B. Show the person that disease patient and concealed sex appeal are caught
12.3 years old of the following infants, have the following where to plant the circumstance needs to stay view:
D. Above all is
The enteroviruses that 13. causes brothers mouth disease is:
D. Above all is
14. brothers mouth is ill normally with infectivity of which paragraphs of time the strongest:
B. After coming on 1 week inside
The main transmission way of disease of 15. brothers mouth does not include:
C. Insect agency travels
The serious illness case of disease of 16. brothers mouth can appear what neurological symptom:
D. Above all but
The 17. cure about phase of heart lungs exhaustion, of mistake of the following view is:
B. Assure the patient‘s sufficient capacity that enter fluid, daily at least 2000ml
The serious illness case with ill to mouth of a few brothers 18. can appear finally:
D. Above all but
Disease of 19. brothers mouth is global contagion, world major area all has a story, report this ill country is first:
A. New Zealand
20. points to about the be in hospital of brothers mouth disease proof, of mistake of the following view is:
B. Angina of occurrence bleb sex, outside heighten of computation of week blood white blood cell
21. causes the enteroviruses of brothers mouth disease to be able to have transmission through what way:
D. Above all is
Disease of 22. brothers mouth all can come on all the year round, but see more with what season:
B. Summerly fall
Disease of 23. brothers mouth basically includes the treatment of which 4 phase by clinical expression:
C. Style of phase of phase of phase of bleb sex angina, neurological be put into trouble, heart lungs exhaustion, life asks for stability period
The main and clinical feature of disease of 24. brothers mouth is:
A. Give out heat and the rash of the place such as hand, sufficient, oral cavity or bleb
25. rises from May 2, 2008, brothers mouth disease brings into which kinds of contagion management:
C. Third kind
26. is the following about brothers mouth ill lab diagnoses the condition that should accord with, of view mistake is:
D. From the patient detect in each specimen nucleic acid of cause of disease 27. each age group all can affect enteroviruses and come on, but with which age group incidence of a disease is highest:
A. ≤ is 3 years old In the enteroviruses that 28. causes brothers mouth disease, the proportion that serious illness case of illness causes after which kinds of virus affects is larger:
B. Enteroviruses 71 model 29. is checked to the magnetism resonance of brothers mouth disease, damage with what place give priority to:
C. Grey matter of cerebral doing, spinal cord
While disease of 30. brothers mouth is giving out heat, often can accompany have hair rash, spotty place is:
Arrive again graduation is seasonal, student of very much old technical secondary school and the college that did not find the job are graduate, wear in business a thing, it is the newspaper reads all sorts of profession skill to training course. All sorts of profession skill training in course, software, vehicle maintenance and repair, hairdressing beautifies hair and the mould is equal not less than growing. Reporter from training the school understands, the university entrance exam loses out unripe chase after hold vocational training in both hands, become Suzhou training this year one of the largest window of the market.
Obtain employment outlet is good
Salary is not as little as undergraduate course
Along what why get numerous society public figure is vocational training chased after ardently hold in both hands? To this, president Cai introduces, although eductional systme has only commonly,be not the vocational training course of record of formal schooling 1 year or so, but go up in content of professional setting, course more company of press close to is real the specific requirement of post, and pay attention to pair of student very much start work ability and be engaged in some the education of occupational profession ability, can train student into the popular talent that the society is badly in need of. Because training,the student of the orgnaization starts work capability is strong, accordingly special the reception that gets a business.
With read university contrast
Tuition is low nearly 40 thousand
Educational cost is low also be to bring about examinee to pursue one of matters that hold vocational training in both hands. Well-known, the educational spending cost that reads an university now is higher and higher. Be in for instance Jiangsu, if 3 years of school work should be completed in the 3B school of run by the local people, a defray is in mere tuition normally 30 thousand yuan of above. "Spend a year of time to learn a skill, the job can be found after graduation. When when the graduation after those read the classmate of three-year institution of higher learning 3 years, I had had working experience of 2 years, pay can cross them high for certain " . Xiaoliang expresses a high school graduate that comes from city of Home Zhang harbor, obtain employment situation of the undergraduate is not hopeful now, if go reading three-year institution of higher learning, want every year to spend on 10 thousand yuan tuition, but when the job may be not found however when the graduation after 3 years, perhaps can change a hundreds of yuan job only.
The profession is advisory Mr Zhang thinks, in fact, a lot of examinee are willing now first book of obtain employment reread, besides accumulate regular job experience, more outside be helpful for a profession planning, still can ease domestic economy difficulty. Can go up in numerous invite applications for a job, requirements of many unit of choose and employ persons have working experience 2 years at least above, this lets a lot of college this year‘s graduateses can to those liberal position " hope labour is promoted sigh " . Have expert analysis, vocational training regards a tradition as beneficial complement of education, those who have specific aim remedy flaw of student oneself ability, promote duty field finally competition ability.
Jin Yingjie hold doctor of course of study coachs training, build the bridge that leads to a success for you- - >>
Came 16 days on April 13, the psychology of personnel of prophylaxis and treatment of basic level AIDS that I attended to save office of project of prophylaxis and treatment of global fund AIDS and university of Hua Zhongke ability to be the same as sanitation of medical of aid college of medical to manage an institute to be held jointly by Hubei shows loving care for ability to raise a seminar. The lecture of professors is vivid and interesting, let us acquire a lot of knowledge, basically have China medium Xiao Bian of Zheng of institute of Normal University psychology teachs " the psychology in AIDS precaution job coachs " , sanitation of medical of the college of medical that be the same as aid manages academic Wu Junlin to teach " the pressure in heart of the person that AIDS is affected is analysed " . Pass study, made us ceaseless understand the general knowledge that psychology consults and skill, more the main effect in making clear psychology to seek advice to work in care of the person that affect to AIDS.
Treat admittance institution to cooperate China to intervene come on stage, intervening operation of normative coronal arteries and veins, via approval of health bureau of Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, beijing An Zhen hospital was held in August 2005 " the 1st period coronary artery intervenes training class " , obtained good echo. The medical personnel that pursues intervening job of coronal arteries and veins for further help learns intervening foundation theory in time, master basic strategy, be familiar with normative operation, comprehend operation skill, an Zhen hospital will be held this year in August " the 2nd period coronary artery intervenes training class " . This period training different student individual character needs class basis, quantity body is custom-built, cent sets 2 classes or grades in school, namely " radiography of coronal arteries and veins training class " and " coronal arteries and veins intervenes cure training class " . At the appointed time, will invite the whole nation professional expert gives lessons related domain of famous intervening cardiology and other. And imitate operates drilling. Click the specific issue that studies a class here to examine full text now
Enter net announcement about paper of medical of expert committee member
Each expert: Work and obtain an a feather in one‘s cap what be human health to make hardships in medical domain to you above all to express admire and congratulation! To reveal a cure wind model, promote China medical culture, propose innovation of science and technology, build the cooperative platform between international, lead China medical trend world. Inform as follows into the net about medical paper now: Object of assess paper qualification (do not be restricted the age, area, record of formal schooling) : Old traditional Chinese medical science of a mountainous area country, name and; of worker of professional skill medical is engaged in medical education, scientific research, medical treatment is clinical wait for individual unit and seasoned medical worker Paper requirement: Writing is clear carefully and nearly, word number is controlled in 3000 words. Content includes photograph of resume, outstanding achievement, elegant demeanour, individual to be experienced from cure, publish reach did not publish all but; The individual introduces, want to stress elegant demeanour and distinguishing feature; Discuss hospital, clinic, beauty parlour to wait must have distinguishing feature. (Publish did not publish all but) Note: Be like the person that do not have a paper, can submit square form (include name, square solution, function, advocate treat, curative effect) Paper assess program: The proof that reachs paper, outstanding achievement, clinical medical treatment cure politics to manage outstanding achievement builds unit official seal, photograph of 2 inches of without hat 6 pieces, along with application form sends my courtyard together, via decision of courtyard Wu committee of experts, after undertaking qualification of first trial, reexamine, issue outstanding medical paper to enter net letter.
Enter network fare: 600 yuan (register cost, evaluation cost, certificate cost to wait) Enter network dominant position: Every is outstanding medical paper and certificate can be in China hold doctor of course of study training register conduct propaganda freely the net (include dean, expert, characteristic medical skill, individual brief introduction, new product, new medical skill) ; Establish figure and rise certain and famous degree; Held great celebration activity, important meeting will be regarded as a honored guest freely to attend on invitation; Authority enters activity of each academic communication that my courtyard holds, justice examine, authority puts forward all sorts of reasonably improvement to the academy opinion and proposal.
Network address: Www.gjzyys.comChina hold doctor of course of study training net
Phone: 010-63825569 Mailbox: Beijing 100068 mailbox 36 minutes of box
One, fill a vacancy is inscribed (20 minutes, every are empty 0.5 minutes)
1, the Chinese Communist holds water at1921Year. Party constitution regulation, the countrywide congress of the party every5 Year hold. 2007 second half of the year, will hold in BeijingSeventeenCongress of second whole nation.
2, the Chinese Communist isChinese the working classvanguard, it is at the same timeChinese peopleAndThe Chinese nationvanguard, it is the leadership core of career of Chinese characteristic socialism, on behalf ofThe development of Chinese advanced productivity asks,
On behalf ofThe ongoing direction of Chinese advanced culture, on behalf ofA beneficial of Chinese capital and profit of the most numerous people.
3, carry out " 3 delegates " the key of serious thought isHold to with when all is entered , core isHold to the advanced sex of the party , it is constitutionallyInsist to be in office for civilian .
4, the highest ideal of the party and struggle finally the target isRealize communism .
5, the probationary period of preliminary Party member, fromBranch congress is preliminary Party member through himday calculates case.
6, the task of 3 great histories that our party must realize isAdvance modernization, The motherland that finish is unified, Defend the world peace and promote joint development.
7, the 3 old good way of the party areIntegration of theory with practice, Close tie masses, Criticism and self-criticism.
8, 3 component of the Marxism areMarxism philosophy, Marxism plutonomy, Scientific socialism.
9, in show level, the main contradiction of our country society isThe corporeal culture that people grows increasingly needsWithBackward society is producedThe contradiction between.
10, Deng Xiaoping academic marrow is: Emancipatory thought , Be practical and realistic.
11, of the party 7 affirm formally greatlyMao Zedong ThoughtFor the guiding ideology of the party, write rule of join or be admitted to the party; Of the party 15 affirm formally greatlyDeng Xiaoping is academicFor the guiding ideology of the party, write rule of join or be admitted to the party; The 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China affirms formally"3 delegates " serious thoughtFor the guiding ideology of the party, write rule of join or be admitted to the party.
12, party must according toAssume overall responsibility overall situation , Coordinate eachprinciple, in with class the play in all sorts of organizations leads core action.
13, the Communist Youth League of China is the Chinese Communist is ledThe masses of advanced youth is organized, it is the school that broad youth studies Chinese characteristic socialism and communism in practice, it is the assistant of the party and reserve.
14, the mass line of the party is: Everything for masses , Everything relies on masses, come from inside masses, go in masses, turn into the correct position of the party the self-conscious action of masses.
15, Chinese Communist Party member mustHeart and soul Serve for people, not hesitate everything of sacrificial individual, to come trueCommunism Struggle lifelong.
16, in road of Red Army long march, Abide by justiceConference establish Mao Zedong is mixed in the Red Army the leadership position of the Party Central Committee.
17, " decision " point out, the society wants harmony, want above allDevelop .
18, " decision " point out, build harmonious culture, it is the main task that compose builds socialistic harmony society.
System of socialistic core value Be construction harmony culture is essential.
Xinhua net Shanghai on August 25 report (reporter Chou Yi) one of significant move that Shanghai development drives cure to change -- standardization of doctor of be in hospital training 24 days start formally, whole town will be in same on communal platform, begin those who unite standard, requirement and assessment to training. Henceforth, the standardization of doctor of be in hospital that the beard after medic graduates reachs 3 years through １ training, the hospital of Shanghai of ability make one‘s bow becomes a doctor.
Shanghai is the pilot town that the whole nation develops public hospital to reform, also be the exclusive municipality directly under the Central Government in 16 cities. As what push public hospital reform important and pilot, shanghai begins from this year, training the doctor of be in hospital that establishs a standard in the round system. As one of requirement, the doctor of be in hospital that the course wants 3 years after medic graduates training just can be recruited to serve as a clinician by medical establishment, among them, master unripe, doctoral student can master clinical ability to reduce １ to come 2 years to training accordingly according to its time.
Shanghai health bureau expresses, training in the standardization of doctor of be in hospital this year in recruit students, standardization of doctor of 39 be in hospital of whole town training the hospital already enrolled collection medic 1831 person, among them the undergraduate students is occupied 28. 3 ％ , master graduate student is occupied 60. 3 ％ , doctoral graduate student is occupied 11. 4 ％ ; Shanghai source of student is occupied 40. １ ％ , nonlocal source of student is occupied 59. 9 ％ ; Graduate of this locality school is occupied 73. 2 ％ , nonlocal school graduate is occupied 26. 8 ％ .
According to introducing, the boy or girl friend that every is played to training by action collection, attending during traininging, with training the hospital signs " to training and labor contract " , attend lawfully and enjoy provide for the aged, medical treatment, unemployment, bear, the social security such as inductrial injury, accumulation fund, enjoy state law code to set and the relevant welfare pay that the contract agrees, salary bonus is mixed according to its record of formal schooling circumstance of qualifications and record of service, consult the place training the hospital is congener staff level extends. Working relationship entrusts Shanghai to defend strange talented person to communicate service center management. Groom this year‘s medical courses in general that the object is blame Shanghai source of student kind the college is graduate, can apply for to handle living card of Shanghai census register or Shanghai talent about the regulation by Shanghai. (be over)
Because oneself have " double shoulder is carried " experience, before retiring namely, for medical the professor has held education management and research work part-time, an evening learns to ask my general to concern " the doctor is humanitarian medical skill training " the propagandist data that compiles a brachylogy about the problem offers leader of orgnaization of wholesome administration and medical treatment, health care to consult. I concern document in study, especially the relevant file of Chinese doctor association and " healthy newspaper " " humanitarian line of sight " only after the report of edition, feel in our country current doctors and patients concerns " coordinate very much " during, mention this one job program really too was necessary. The original intention of this activity is the flaw that remedies education of our country medical, strengthen doctors and patients to communicate, improve wind of medical ethics cure, improve medical treatment quality, safeguard a doctor to close right increase. The author thinks although this activity is important, but national condition of combinative our country, still a lot of problems need to discuss. To facilitate the netizen understands, the author will publicize material Feng Na first, express a view in succession again in the future, please comment on.
Reprint: Doctor of be in hospital training system-----To new generation medic exploits bitterly system
A lot of people begin to take the protection of pair of weak force groups seriously now, and what this kind of protection points to is a laborer. Who care and is protected then We the undergraduate of these new generation, the medic of new generation, the weak force group of new generation? Doctor of be in hospital training the system is to let After medic graduates, continue to attend training, call it by a good name of is the practice capacity that should increase medic, but this kind of hospital and medic the relation is not labor contract concern, not be teacher-student relationship, it is certain large hospital character actually for the labor with cheap recruit, Concern to new generation medic exploits bitterly. One, the income that enters doctor of traininged be in hospital is extremely low, dinkum salary of a laborer, the likelihood still is inferior to even laborer salary sometimes . A lot of people in us begin to be in debt from the university, be in debt again to the graduate student, show levels of some income of physician of be in hospital with its, only Can solve problem of dress warmly and ear one‘s fill only only. And the fact is us still need to repay in university and graduate student phase indebted, indebted and such this Like we, easy? The age that a lot of people in us had reached to get married, but who can this scanty income let again can Get married? Because we cannot feed next our generation. is the society to did not allow us to get married? It is not to allow an elephant We did such Chinese multiply? We do not get married for the moment, it is OK that this seems to also be returned, but there is father and mother on us, big After learning graduation we cannot use up path of a bit filial piety, not be we do not think the system that is cruelty lets ourselves still be in be on one‘s last legs . 2, attend doctor of traininged be in hospital to be sure to wait for basic safeguard without medical treatment. Once a resident got appendicitis, The hospital that works in oneself does not give an operation however, the reason is to did not hand in hospitalization expenses, we should like to ask we therefrom comes money is handed in costly charge? The indignant ability that finally still is doctor of all be in hospital is changed woke to sympathize with every time of the dean. Funny? Oneself become a doctor Cannot go to a doctor, believe without the person, but this is a fact, the hospital gives these additional kind, the insurance that these weak force groups buy is to be in You became blind, or when breaking the great deformity such as the hand ability some, namely you should leave a doctor this occupational moment just Some. If this kind of state continues, I want to seek authority help sb generously with money aids financially us when these doctors see a doctor not far , when arriving, we can thank each good intention person. Dear uncle aunt, brothers brothers and sisters, you say we still have confidence to do Doctor? 3, resident system is artificial delimit the person for 369 etc, enter a hospital likewise, it is an undergraduate likewise, but the position is complete Different, because we are " devil " . Because we are not formal workers, so we do not have this some right; Because of me People not be formal worker, so we are not the citizens of the hospital; Because we are not formal workers, it is us so be " demon Ghost " . But we have doctor charter, have lawful doctor qualification, why are we mixed again " white garment angel " of this glory Doesn‘t appellation have a predestined relationship? It is what let us become " devil " , be we have disgrace doctor this profession? Either! It is to live Courtyard doctor training system, terrible system can make angel becomes a devil. 4, the objective that system of doctor of be in hospital did not have to training truly. Doctor of be in hospital just provides the person of the bed here, one is written The person of anamnesis, one drives the person of assay sheet. The reason is very simple he meets the formal worker that the resident is not a hospital to training truly you ? Very much traininging is formalization, right technical thing you did not do law, everybody of we should like to ask, if you It is the word of the hospital, can you let go let us do? Have some of large hospital, use doctor of resident, graduate student, attend in a advanced studies entirely Work, a section office of 100 pieces of beds, the doctor in charge of a case of 4 this academy is done calm, the name that you say to they can remember a patient, every The patient‘s medical history? Who is the person that doesn‘t pitiful patient know to be in charge of seeing a doctor to him truly? Be " devil " , but " devil " It is in that way the good and bad are intermingled. Tell tell providential conscience are you in charge of to the patient? Be in charge of to the resident? We not Be " devil " , I see you just is. Present medical treatment cost is too high, because our resident is,not be " devil " . Because income is high, is not us, we Struggle on line of dress warmly and ear one‘s fill with everybody, cannot enjoy medical treatment with everybody. The certain person with these extremely high income, it is them Manage in extensive, teach and coming in what strangling Chinese doctor. Cure person parental heart, want to become prospective doctor to person, I by exploit almost is used up bitterly. I can let what I calm become that to have in the liability of a huge sum that assuming with future now The doctor of parental heart? ravenous person is by hook and crook. The small number of people that is now is mixed in ceaseless nibble provoke. Provoke The medical treatment that we did not come to, provoke us contemporary undergraduate, provoke our contemporary young doctor, provoke us of whole society Person. You close collect a hand, the Party Central Committee is those who want compose to build is harmonious society. Once audacious lukewarm city person provokes our country house price, be still to also end? The Chinese should believe to have punitive justice this adage.
Draft: Doctor of preexistence be in hospital training base accepts doctor of be in hospital to training, expire qualification comes again each large hospital obtain employment, accept inferior only Division training Various henceforth hospital was not obtained so that recruit training the doctor of certificate
Doctor of whole family doctor, community need not attend training
The individual feels is a trend, do not cross lead, existing a lot of policy should adjust ability to be executed truly Will graduate a few years henceforth so may become an experiment to taste Such system is now very be helpful for many sided: 1. serves as large hospital, can reduce cost of choose and employ persons Love not to come anyway, oneself need not enrol doctor of be in hospital, broad basic level hospital is offerred freely Even if do not come, still doctor of broad attend in a advanced studies, graduate student works The person that 2. protects vested interest, section office personnel is little, the bonus of natural cent is much 3. if who can read a doctor next again annulus carry assessment 3 years finally, breathe out those who breathe out this enough Bt The development in the future is certainly greatly Also be helpful for adding the 5th kind of person for our country so Besides man woman female doctor and the man that dare marry female doctor In 3 years returning those who had 35 years old of residents that still take laborer salary to worry most actually is cycle because not be this academy worker,learn to be less than right thing, waste time for nothing Affirmation is between billow take time for nothing
THC Kills Glioma Cancer Cells - Medical Miracles from Europe
26, how does illustrate apply Latin to just be designed in animal experiment
Every 3 elements experiment, the level that is like every element can be accomplished equal when, and when interact is not being had between the element, all can use Latin to just be designed. In animal experiment because the condition is opposite easy control, latin square design is having extensive use, and the order in animal experiment is influential to experimental result because of usually, must use Latin to just be designed at this moment.
For example, use Latin to just design pair of garden burnet charcoal, cattail pollen pink, hairyvein agrimony 3 kinds of Chinese traditional medical undertake the hurried outside small mouse system coagulates action undertakes comparative, take 16 small white rat to divide 4 groups randomly, give celiac inject the fluid of water simmer in water of 3 kinds of Chinese traditional medical and physiological saline respectively, experimental design sees next tables (Experimental data is surely inside bracket, A- garden burnetB- hairyvein agrimonyC- Pu HuangD-NS)
Rat date
Ordinal
∑ X
One
2
3
4
1
A ()
B ()
C ()
D ()
2
B ()
C ()
D ()
A ()
3
C ()
D ()
A ()
B ()
4
D ()
A ()
B ()
C ()
27, does cross section investigate commonly used where two kinds of methods? Respective use condition how?
Commonly used method has census and sampling investigation two kinds.
Developing the condition with essential census is: (1) the labor power that has Zuo , material resources and equipment are used at discovering case of illness and seasonable cure. (2) the disease sicken rate of institute reconnaissance survey is higher. (3) the technology of operation of law of check proved recipe of the disease is very not sophisticated.
The requirement that sampling investigation has is: (1) research target is had representative, the sample size with sufficient demand and avoid phyletic deflective to intervene. (2) had not fitted old stuff. (3) the situation that does not suit to need census general to treat (4) do not agree with the disease with sicken inferior rate.
28, which a few kinds does common random sampling method have? What characteristic do each have?
Common random sampling method has pure and random sample, the system samples randomly, statified and random sample with cluster randomly, its are respective the characteristic is:
(one) pure and random sample: Also say to sample simply randomly, fromNThe method is used in the objectN, make an example. It is the simplest, the basiccest sampling method, its are important the principle is overall the probability that each medium object is smoked is equal. The advantage that samples simply randomly is easy understanding, the result of example can project overall in go, its error of sampling is calculated more easily also. But sample simply to also have a few limitation randomly, should construct for example a sampling draw a frame round that can offer draw-out and simple random example often very difficult, executive likelihood is more troublesome also.
(2) the system samples randomly: Be according to certain order, mechanically every other a certain number of units, draw-out the sampling method of an unit. The first example uses the method that samples simply randomly draw-out. The advantage that the system samples is: (1) do not need to know beforehand overall the odd digit inside, (2) in crowd spot Yi Jin goes, (3) example is from distributing draw-out in overall unit, distributing evener, representative good. Main drawback is: If overall in of each units distributing have periodic tendency, and draw-out removed just is its cycle or its multiple, make example generation slants possibly quality.
(3) statified sample: Statified sampling is a kind of two phase actually sample, be first will overall do not overlap into a certain number of each other by certain and characteristic cent child overall (or layer) , be in next each stature is overall (or layer) in according to random method draw-out element, it is to use simple and random sampling technology normally. Statified sampling characteristic depends on: (1) it is all and important to can assure child overall represent somewhat in example, make example has more representative; (2) error of sampling is smaller, have the quality of the simple palpability that samples simply randomly, precision prep above samples simply randomly, carry out should facilitate more than sampling simply randomly. Because this is statified,sampling is very commonly used technology.
(4) cluster sampling: Be do not overlap overall cent for a certain number of each other first child overall (group) , be in next all child overall in, random ground is draw-out one part, right in smoking these all group of unit inside undertake investigating. In cluster sampling, draw-out is merely child overall (group) an example, and be in statified in sampling, all child overall (layer) by draw-out as the foundation that samples further. Advantage, that is organizing the job to go up to go to the lavatory quite namely, need only about group sampling casing and need not group inside the list of sub unit. But as a result of sampling unit too concentration, because this counts same situation to fall in example, the precision of cluster sampling is general under sample simply randomly. To obtain with sample simply randomly same precision, the sample size of cluster sampling (to sub unit character) should be simple and random sample a certain number of times. This multiple calls design effect, general design effect often takes 2 right-and-left costs.
29, what does the main bias in cross section research have? How to undertake controlling?
Common bias: (one) choose bias, namely example cannot be represented overall, include: (1) alternative bias (2) without respondent bias (3) survival bias
(2) information bias, the error that appears when obtaining information namely, include: (1) memory bias or report bias (2) investigation personnel bias (3) measure bias
Quality controls a method: (1) randomization principle, undertake those who study a target strictly choose according to sampling design program (2) the comply with sex that raises research target and rate getting check, seasonable analysis does not have respondent reason, filling leakage is investigated (3) choose excellent instrument facilities to undertake corrector beforehand, those who assure to check a result is accurate with reliable (4) training strictly the member that investigate makes supervisory be controllinged with quality unity investigate program and method to its (5) the check that makes good material, check the job (6) the statistic with right choice analyses a method, notice differentiate and analyse is jumbly element and its influence.
Skill of education of southern medical university and news news center have teaching and administrative staff to be versed in in all 20 more than person. Set a director 1, provide advanced title personnel 6 people, intermediate instructor 4 people, assistant 4 people, invite professional technology personnel 8 people. Central expert holds the position of people sanitation press to teach technical committee committee member respectively, teach the academic position such as thing of informatization assistant manager, made TV teaching material, move overflow and work of movie and TV obtains various award of country, army and province city to count decathlon early or late, it is the orgnaization that having actual strength of glorious history and abundant education, scientific research.
Move overflowing the technology that make and medical animation development is the advantage technology since the center is long-term, change free course, move overflow science and educational film to win large award of level of provincial, state frequently. Be in early 2005, the TV teaching material that is main show form to make with medical animation technology " tumor element target to cure " obtain the movie and TV of science and education that publishs association of movie and TV of total arrange, China science and education to be issued jointly by wide report total bureau, news, the whole world that entered to was held in Finland 2006 on behalf of China is outstanding video goods exhibits science and education, exclusive still a movie and TV of Chinese science and education that broadcasts on the opening ceremony piece. The medical animation website that the center develops serves as the medical science with domestic not much number to move website of free special subject, obtain Guangdong to save a college early or late " 151 projects " first prize, with country and provincial and multinomial award. In June 2009, industrial limited company signs southern medical university and trade of new culmination division the agreement is built " medical is moved free produce learn to grind base " , this project acquired Guangdong province division assist the attention that waits for government sector and school leadership, be sure to promote my school to be in greatly the research and development of relevant domain and investment, offer more capacious obtain employment prospect for student at the same time.
Teaching job respect, my center is the orgnaization that authorization of commission of cooperation of skill of education of countrywide colleges and universities begins teacher of institution of higher learing to teach a technology to grade training and check the work, the doctor that is college teacher and accessary hospital for a long time is begun relevant training. Of central open " computer animation technology is applied mediumly in medical education " continue to teach a project to was labelled 2008 national level continues to teach project and Guangdong to save new and high technology to grind long class is raised assist a project, in open 3 period training in the class, share the college teacher that comes from the whole nation to visit town each and doctor 100 student attended to training. Meanwhile, my center still was opened " medical animation design and make " , " appreciation of movie and TV and creation " wait for class of many relevant take as an elective course, welcome by the student, will 3 years have take as an elective course of 500 much person-time about this course. The center still was organized in entire school use free interest group, central teacher Professor Xu Yuehua holds the position of directive teacher, of directive student move free work to be in what office of Guangdong province education held 2006 " first undergraduate moves free design contest " in, achieve beautiful performance, among them 2 win second-class award, 4 win third class award. Medicine of southern medical university is moved free training central teacher all is work in relevant domain old, have the in-service teacher of rich teaching experience, major of much home of center and home is moved free make and attestation orgnaization has good cooperative concern, special animation training room, muti_function studio, element represents studio, lab of professional high-powered computer, ensure can offer for student move first-rate free training service.
2008Year 12Month 6Date, on Saturday, 4To - 2Spend, fine
Knowledge of company arrangement medical is short-term training class, by a definite date 4 months, in college of medical of Fudan University Shanghai, today first time class, in the morning 9:30 begin, time of a day.
The theme in the morning: Walk into medical
The development way that stresses medical target is stimulative health, and not just be confined to cries out all the time " heal the wounded and rescue the dying " .
It is constitution to healthy definition, of spirit and society completely perfect the condition with harmony.
Life is a piece of credit card, excessive overdraw to bring about the exhaustion that raises predecessor put oneself in another‘s position necessarily, not without the truth.
The theme afternoon, human body anatomy. The teacher‘s course is told contented and racily, quote copiously from many sources.
Record a few interested note scatteredly, arrange as follows, take a commemoration day.
Life style of the person asks for have tripartite side: Heartbeat, breath, blood pressure.
The construction of human body: Cellular Cell–Constituent Tissue–Organic Organ–Systematic System
When executing some function together, the cellular combination of different type formed an organization;
When combination executes some function together, the organization of different type formed an organ;
When executing some function together, the organic combination of different type formed a system.
The law of group accepted theory or formulation of human body one: Hair, the skin, adipose (adipose use at protecting muscle) , muscle, nerve blood-vessel, bone Ga
The law of group accepted theory or formulation of human body 2: Parietal, lumen (perhaps cry splanchnic)
The disease of immune system (for instance: Lupus erythematosus, rheumatism) have two kinds
1. Immunity is excessive: Irritability disease is brought about from this commonly
2. Immunity is insufficient: For example AIDS
Human body shares 206 character, the biggest bone – femur (bend somewhat to ahead) , the smallest bone is inner ear listens 3 pieces medium ossicle.
Deaf has two kinds, one kind is conductibility deaf. For example: Tympanitis, periosteum is perforative.
Another kind is nerve sex deaf, nerve block is broken, without law cure. For example: ; Once medicaments streptomycin, deadly side-effect brings about aural nerval to damage namely.
For effective precautionary osteoporosis, want to find the regular movement that suits oneself, and daily unremitting ability achieves the result.
If feel giddy,bump into car hind, hand hemp ministry can drive normally, it is the loss of brandish whip appearance that nerve of sex of cerebral ministry centre causes likely,
And this kind of injury is CT, MR checks what do not come out.
The athletic system of human body is formed by the following structure,
Bone (Bone, the bracket of human body) +
Bone is concatenate (Joint, the fulcrum of human body) = skeletal Skeleton
Flesh (Muscle, the dynamical organ of human body)
Pharynx report to the superior after accomplishing a task, nose is in charge of compatibly (advanced) be linked together, the mouth and esophagus (after) be linked together, there is an epiglottis cartilage among. Do not have a meal to talk to laugh at the same time at the same time at the same time so, can bring about tracheal into the eyewinker.
Autonomic nerve is disorder syndrome of = the turn of life, cause by endocrinopathy.
Lymphatic be in trunk and limb boundary, in tissue fluid, a support system in haemal circulation process. Come to what often allow tell the doctor of haemal division to touch lymphatic and intumescent dispute commonly, because the lymphatic metropolis of many leukaemia patients is intumescent.
Human body is left the 3/4 of alar lymphatic influence whole body, the lymphatic influence of right is right the 1/4 that go up. Left and alar lymphatic effect is so majorrer.
The prelude ─ college of medical of the travel of phlogistic hill " 3 go to the countryside " survey of social practice group training
On July 4 morning 9 o‘clock sharp, college of medical of Hunan Normal University " 3 go to the countryside " survey of social practice group training in benevolence cure building 103 classrooms are held. Assistant dean of college of medical Professor Liang Weijun, learn to be versed in teacher of Ji Zhonggui bridge of inscription doing Guo Mr. Wei, precaution, Mr. Fan Xuelong attended this to training on invitation.
Groom on the meeting, the sex of interactive, description that Liang Jiao awards communal sanitation, undergraduate and disease studies now besides study 3 respects undertook explaining meticulously, make team member people the value that realised medical treatment reforms pair of masses adequately. Subsequently, the content that exchange interrogate coils did bell teacher to be analysed in detail, he points out the skill of should special attention and old people communication when investigation.
Give lessons this the summer vacation time that to be in this year phlogistic hill county begins " 3 go to the countryside " mobile success laid good foundation. Team member people express results in succession quite abundant, enriched oneself not only to " 3 go to the countryside " academic knowledge of the activity, and sturdy the confidence that everybody completes a society satisfactorily to investigate. (Li Yang Xiang Peng)
5, design of medical scientific research, investigation design and experimental design 3 person between have why to concern?
(sought many expert opinion, think the formulation of this title has generally by accident, we reply by correct formulation)
Medical scientific research is designed, according to its applied circumstance differs, cent learns design of scientific research design, investigation and study and experimental research to design 3 sort for clinical cure model. Although apply circumstance and design principle and side key to differ, but it is the serious content in job of medical scientific research, complete independence is not between each other, in certain medical scientific research, need both or 3 person be united in wedlock cheek by jowl each other. If the research of new drug develops a process, must the investigation of ordinal course early days, human body and the chemistry in the lab and animal experiment, clinical trial such a series of whole experiment level.
6, what are investigation design and the main distinction that experimental design studies?
Experimental design and the essential distinction that investigate a design are an experiment the design can set processing factor artificially.
7, what problem should the design of questionnaire note?
Questionnaire weighs questionnaire again, it is to point to what design according to studying a purpose, convey with query means, measure a tool by what a series of issues that concern with research target comprise. One designs reasonable questionnaire, conduce to collect rich and reliable data. The design of questionnaire should note the following problem:
(1) the kind with right choice. Questionnaire is 3 kinds according to designing a type to divide: Close model, open model with drawing model.
(2) the design point of questionnaire: Investigate purpose and content clearly. Be aimed at a crowd clearly. Statistic of mature suffixal add analyses working maneuverability. Roll head due explain. Problem clarity is changed clearly, objectively, issue amount rationalize, logic is changed, standardization. Problem project wants all ready.
(3) questionnaire designs basic principle: Rationality. Run-of-mill. Logic. Make clear a gender. Blame inductivity. Facilitate arrange, analysis.
(4) questionnaire devises basic measure: Study a task certainly. Consult according to studying a task document. Build academic hypothesis. Design questionnaire. Preliminary adjustments is checked. Decide questionnaire.
(5) questionnaire content. Include questionnaire specification, problem and problem to show 3 shares. Questionnaire explains the part includes to introduce the identity of the member that investigate; Show the purpose that this second questionnaire investigates and sense; Information assures; Questionnaire investigation sponsors unit and address. The design type that issue part includes an issue (fact, behavior, mood feeling, reason reason) ; The amount of the problem and order; Problem (open mode, enclosed, half enclosed) write; The encode of the problem. The problem shows a share, it is right in questionnaire content cause different meanings or interrogative place easily to try to explain, the member that guidance investigates an object or investigate fills in correctly, in order to ensure the oneness of questionnaire.
(6) the common problem in questionnaire design. Questionnaire from first draft of conception, protocol, to final version, use wait for each link to all may appear mistake, affect the authenticity of the result. Two the mainest fields are: Decide to deviation appears when the problem. Consider study a purpose not, or forget research problem, cause material information possibly to collect not complete or cannot use, make study the result is lack fidelity. The method that avoids this one error is comprehensive to considering to have understanding, many sided considers an issue. Choose deviation of the generation when the type of the problem and form. Different research property, purpose and the questionnaire type that limits decided to choose to differ. To the research of specific aim, appropriate is used close model questionnaire; To advanced research, appropriate is used open model questionnaire.
8, does all research design all have 3 gist element? Ask illustrate
The purpose that studies as a result of medical and method are different, medical studies general component is experimental research, clinical trial and investigation and study 3 sort. They are endless on the method of specific design and operation identical, but learns what scientific research designs basic content and principle have medical service similar sex.
3 when medical scientific research designs main essential factor are processing, suffer try object and experiment effect. It is OK in research of certain observation sex that the viewpoint in the past thinks without processing, but expand as a result of the concept of processing of late, observation also had processing factor in sexual research, incident is current most viewpoint thinks design of medical scientific research has above 3 main essential factor.
Tackling an element is to show investigator basis studies what the purpose is about to bring to bear on can the element that action causes direct or indirect effect at the object, include physical element, chemical element and biology element to wait. Tackling an element can bring to bear on actively, if study in the experiment " treatment of thing of XX plant extraction fights oxidation inside the body to bandicoot " in, XX plant extracts content to tackle an element namely; If be in clinical research " of aspirin clinical fight blood to coagulate action " in, aspirin tackles an element namely. And some processing elements are objective existence, even cannot or need not intervene artificially, like investigation and study " season changes the influence of arthritis of the old people in be opposite " in, season tackles an element namely.
Medical consultant fields questions on H1N1 virus - 1 May 09
21, the issue that selects proper research spot to want to which a few respects note?
(1) this area population compares stability relatively, fluidity is small, the research crowd that can assure to the experiment can go on wheels and want to have sufficient amount. (2) this area has taller and the stable incidence of a disease that studies a disease, with period send ill number enoughly from time to tome in research end, get effective statistic is analysed thereby. (3) the research to contagious disease, when be like the immune effect that evaluates vaccine, eruptive or those who study the spot should not experience this disease inside the near future is popular. (4) place has requirement of better medical treatment sanitation, orgnaization of wholesome epidemic prevention is more perfect, system of the disease report that register is more perfect, have requirement of better sickness prophylaxis and treatment, make a diagnosis and give treatment. (5) this district leader takes seriously and support, masses is willing to accept, have better synergic requirement.
22, kind what do experiment and complete epidemiology experiment research have to differ?
Sex of the look up before a complete epidemiology experiment considers that he must be had, reasonable setting contrasts, interpose measure and randomization in group 4 main features. If an experiment studies,lack or a few main features, this kind of experiment is called kind of experiment or experiment partly. Kind the experiment can be divided contrast to the setting contrasts and be not set two sort.
Kind of the experiment systimatic as identical as complete epidemiology experiment research, ; And essential different point depends on, kind although the experiment is set contrast, but research target did not allocate randomly, perhaps be restricted as a result of conditional place and did not contrast completely, can do oneself parachuter to contrast only or compare with foregone and foregone result. Between actual application, kind the experiment is commonly used at studying big, range is wide and object amount is actual the circumstance does not allow random to studying a target in group circumstance.
23, what is completely random design? The meeting below what circumstance uses it?
Completely random design is to will suffer try an object to assign different processing team by random principle, offer element be tryinged respectively next, undertake to their effect parallel of the corresponding period observes again, undertake to experimental result statistic is analysed finally.
Completely random design is the experiment method of only factor, go easily simply and statistical analysis is simple, it is medical design of commonly used a kind of experiment is in scientific research. But the efficiency of completely random design is designed under conjugate (two groups) design with conpatibility of medicals (much group) , and because error of sampling is likely bigger in experiment of little sample book and basic need not.
Every two groups of experiments cannot conjugate or much group experiment cannot the circumstance of conpatibility of medicals, all can use completely random design. In clinical scientific research, apply to those who be not specialized subject ward to compare research; In laboratory research, this kind designs what basically be used at big animal and rare animal to compare an experiment.
24, what is meant by conjugate design? What kind does common conjugate design have?
Conjugate design is to point to suffer try an object to go up to be designed identically identical or basically in some or element of a few features. The most essential point that conjugate designs is to reduce suffer try the individual mutation between the object, reduce experimental error thereby, improve experimental efficiency, and secret wants sample size less, but not be any experiments all can adopt conjugate to design. Common type has:
(1) around conjugate design. It is oneself actually, contrast experiment, it is try an object in order to suffer to press suffer the variable before trying to regard as contrast value, regard effect as the value the variable value after action of element be tryinged, add subtration by this observation is a certain quantity of base line condition suffers identically try an object, be opposite next the change of index of reaction of around of action of element be tryinged does statistic to examine.
(2) variant conjugate design. Will suffer try an object according to certain conjugate condition (decide according to professional knowledge and research purpose) , the feature same two each system match two pairs, , press random method in two pairs interior next, one allocates experimental group, another allocates contrast group, end product tries to compare with matching the statistical method of bisect analyse.
(3) alternate design. Variant conjugate two groups early or late across accepts two kinds of processing, another processing is accepted after action of a group of processing disappears completely afore namely, the effect that handles to two kinds finally has trade off study. This kind of method holds the advantage of variant and oneself conjugate concurrently, managing example is reciprocal, but premise condition is satisfied harder, basically use at example origin in medical scientific research less and suffer try object condition to compare constant situation.
25, clinical above those who be opposite is basic it is a patient, why to have animal test even, talk about your view.
The advantage that this basically should experiment from the animal reachs his to be mentioned in medical developing action.
The main task that medical studies is health of people of precaution and the disease that treat the mankind, safeguard. Theoretic the test that has with person itself is in learned more accord with logistic, more authentic, but it is OK to have partial disease and healthy problem only in fact the double, observation that passes pair of patients namely clinical experience is accumulated solve, but the confine that because go up in time and space,this kind of observation studies, its conviction is not strong, scientific sex is defective, and do an experiment to have with the person directly sometimes violate ethical ethics. At this moment animal experiment can have a very good bridge effect.
The ultimate goal of animal experiment, carry the research of pair of animal itself biological phenomena namely, then counteractive push use the mankind, probe life mystery of the mankind, control human disease and consenescence, improve human life. The effect that animal experiment studies to medical has: (1) the main component that experimental animal is modern science and technology 2; It is the foundation that life science studies and essential condition; (3) it is to measure a of a country or discretion of level of scientific research of unit of a scientific research important sign.
Consider to be compared with other, animal experiment has the following advantage: (1) problem of ethics of not large presence (2) shorten study time (3) increase can compare a gender (4) make simplification of complex medical problem (5) essence of disease of more comprehensive understanding (6) relatively convenient (7) establish.
On medical phylogeny, a lot of major discovery all are mixed animal experiment is close together and relevant, especially those are epoch-making, of milepost type, the revolutionary discovery that develops a new field, some respect advance rapidly that brings about medical, mostly morality discovers in the lab, animal test result cannot be done not have.
Anyhow, in medical scientific research and practice, often pass the observation of animal experiment and analysis, will consider and solve the problem that medical exists. Animal experiment is the main component of modern science and technology, animal experiment method already made the indispensable important instrument in job of medical scientific research.
39, the clinical medical knowledge that masters according to place, list standard of 3 kinds of gold, explain the implication of golden standard.
Golden standard is to show the standard of a kind of disease diagnoses a method, it should be bound of current medical science is accepted, the reliable diagnostic method that diagnoses some disease, apply this standard to be able to distinguish more correctly the person that has some kind of disease and the person that do not have this disease. Different disease has different golden level, for instance... .
Want to evaluate an experiment method, the choice of golden standard is very important, one diagnoses the exact extent of the experiment, the patient that diagnoses in golden standard only undertakes assessing in group and blame patient group, ability receives true opinion.
40, the definition of the commonly used index that shows diagnostic experiment authenticity, reach its and by accident the relation of examine and leakage examine.
(1) sensitivity. Sensitivity ＝ (true positive / (holiday of really electropositive ＋ is electronegative) ) ×100%
Sensitivity is to show in truly sick philtrum test result shows positive percentage, namely really positive rate. Sensitivity expresses experiment method to give ability to the check of the disease, sensitivity is taller, demonstrative method gives ability to the check of the disease stronger, chance of patient leakage examine is less.
Distinctive spending is to show in the philtrum that does not have disease test result shows electronegative percentage, namely really negative rate. Distinctive degree of check that states experiment method is ill to notting have give ability, distinctive degree taller, the ability that explains judgement patient does not have disease is stronger, the person that do not have disease by by accident the chance of examine is less.
Other index still has index of likelihood comparing, Youden to wait, with the diagnostic value discretion that diagnoses a method at farther judgement.
41, does experiment of parallel test, series have He Te dot to reach its to distinguish?
Parallel test is to point to do a few tests at the same time, want to have positive of result of a test only, the result is sentenced for masculine gender. Parallel test can heighten sensitivity, but reduced distinctive degree;
Series experiment is to show a few experiments are medium, want to have negative of result of a test only, the result is sentenced for negative, only all results are electropositive when, ability is sentenced for sick. Series experiment can rise distinctive degree, but reduced sensitivity.
Above experiments two kinds to attribute associated test, it is a kind of diagnostic method cannot satisfy sensitivity or distinctive the method that when spending a requirement, uses. Distinction depends on clinical on applied circumstance: Plant when some disease needs the diagnostic experiment with a kind of very high sensitivity, and when still having a kind of experiment to be able to satisfy a requirement at present, can adopt the experiment with a few kinds of not quite high sensitivity to have parallel test in order to heighten sensitivity; Manage together, should ask distinctive when spending tall and active method to cannot be satisfied, can undertake with series connection of a few kinds of diagnostic methods series experiments in order to rise distinctive degree.
42, some experiment method is in clinical on examine the effect is very good, but when be being used at crowd disease to sift check, the effect often is paid no attention to want, what are its? How to rise examine efficiency?
Be aimed at the subject, masculine gender forecasts a value to be able to be mirrorred roughly clinical examine the stand or fall of the effect. Sicken rate calculates a value to masculine gender the impact is very big, both shows positive to close, suffer the sicken that tries a crowd rate is lower, masculine gender calculates a value lower, vice versa. As common sense, the average crowd that the sicken rate of the crowd that sees a doctor to the hospital affirms to outclass undertakes sifting checking, reason should diagnose a method to be used at former effect ideal, use at latter to be differred.
Rise commonly usedly examine the method of benefit has:
(1) the target that chooses more appropriate method and index to all choose objective, standardization, ration, when many index offer an alternative, the basis is sensitivity, distinctive degree will choose.
(2) the crowd with choice sicken higher rate undertakes checking. Specific means has the crowd that establishs crowd of tall danger of specialized subject outpatient service, choice, choice to have special and clinical show to wait. When target crowd is too large, can sift first check reexamination.
(3) use associated test, in order to rise distinctive spend or sensitivity. Parallel test of commonly used means and series (establish ties) experiment, former and OK heighten sensitivity but reduce distinctive degree, latter and contrary, rise distinctive degree, reduce sensitivity.
43, does the statistic of data of medical scientific research conclude what content to include? Whether all research needs to do statistic to conclude?
Studying the statistic of the data to conclude is to point to a basis of example will conclude overall animal sacrifice, comprise two important facets: Parameter estimates and examine suppose. Former it is to show with example statistic the capacity estimates overall parameter, latter is come to two distinguish with certain probability or of two above overall all count consistent. In medical scientific research, sampling process contains in always studying measure, all want to do statistic to conclude, but a few research is like census, those who do not have sampling process, research is overall, reason need not do statistic to conclude.
44, are the affirmatory method with the bilateral sheet in estimation of scope of medical reference value and the affirmatory method with the bilateral sheet in examining suppose same? Do its decide what the basis is?
Both in statistical significance it is to have a difference, but basic on the affirmatory method in be being operated actually it is consistent, it is according to professional medical knowledge comes beforehand set. For instance, when the reference of content of lead of set make water is worth, we can use odd side, consider only namely exorbitant be danger, and the referenced value of vital capacity is contrary, had considered only low be danger, also be odd side, clinical of course go up most circumstance is exorbitant too low abnormal, in be being operated actually bilateral hold great majority. Manage together, in examining suppose, odd side should be certainly above all before undertaking assuming examining examine or bilateral examine. If analytic purpose depends on deciding both have indiscriminate, also do not know what whoes greatly beforehand small or what good what is bad, use bilateral examine, if analytic purpose depends on deciding who is big who is small, and had known what whoes greatly beforehand small or what good what is bad, with respect to use sheet side examines.
45, what aspect should the magic art of hypothesis check proved recipe that chooses scientific research data consider?
The size of content of the type that studies data of purpose, research, design type, example and foregone condition
46, what narrate variance analysis please is basic with applied condition
The basic idea of variance analysis is, decompose the total mutation of all data into a few parts, have the variation of each parts comparative next.
In only factor variance analysis, total mutation can be divided into inter block mutation and across block mutation two parts. Among them, the generation reason that always mutates is processing element is mixed measure an error randomly, across block mutation includes to handle element and measure an error randomly, inter block mutation originates only measure an error randomly. Pass variance and the computation that spend freely, if across block mean square is apparent,be more than inter block finally square, namely across block mutation is ambitious mutate at inter block, we think across block difference is not all by measure an error to form randomly, handle the difference that create to have statistical sense namely.
On the foundation of only factor variance analysis, we are in further, can undertake variance analysis to all sorts of much element experiments.
Experimental data uses variance analysis, the postulate that should satisfy is: Experimental data error has neat sex of independent character, unbiasedness, variance, normal state sex.
47, ask distinction to narrate sexual document overview and systematic overview
Content
Narrate sexual document overview
Systematic overview
The problem of research
Involved range constant more extensive
Often center at clinical some problem
Original document origin
Often did not explain, not comprehensive
Clear, often be much channel
Retrieve means
Often did not explain
Have clear retrieval politic
The choice of original document
Often did not explain
Have specific choice level
The evaluation of original document
Assessment technique is skimble-scamble
Have strict assessment technique
The synthesis of the result
Use qualitative method more
Use mensurable method more
Of conclusion conclude
Abide by research basis basis sometimes
Abide by research basis more
Of the result newer
Did not update regularly
Undertake updating according to new basis regularly
48, what is meant by a paper 3 element?
Argument, argument, argumentation
49, summarize paper of science and technology basic structure and requirement of each part compose
Scientific research paper keeps share of the cent on the format in the book: Buy part, theme part is mixed before appendix part. The specific content of departmental cent and relevant requirement are:
Structure
Requirement
Before buy part
Title
Specific, concise, exact, and have a characteristic
Author
Can be individual or collective, the individual signs should add working unit, collective signs should have newsletter writer, author sort basis contributes bulk, specific and referenced notice to contributors
Content summary
Have opposite independent character, can apply alone. Should include the decisive data data of the paper, strictly avoid is not specific, expensive in fine. Chinese magazine often asks the summary cent is purpose, method, result, conclusion 4 parts
Keyword
Mark is brought accurate with comprehensive, use MeSH place to list a vocabulary as far as possible
Main body part
Introductive
On content without preamble, strive speak on good grounds, outstanding basis establishing a problem, draft innovation dot, theory and practice meaning
Material and method
The logic that studies the description of the process uses research to work is ordinal, it is variable of element of target of accurate description research, research technique, experiment and level, reaction, important to reach statistical method to wait content.
Result
It is article core part. Requirement target is specific reliable, data is accurate without by accident, the character describes talk design of Jian Yiming, chart is correct and reasonable, , avoid by all means is without enumerate of administrative levels ground, put an end to content of sexes of any suggestive, proposal, conjectural sex, comment sex, must with discussion entirely different.
Discuss
Cannot general interview, want to part with the result, inference of avoid by all means is beyond the mark and denotative, want to be a foundation with a large number of document, the viewpoint of one divides into two. Conclusion can be attributed to this one part, also but only kind.
Express one‘s thanks to
It is all along before bibliographical reference, cannot exaggerate or narrow
Bibliographical reference
Indispensable part. Answer to read the newest document that pass personally for the author, do not get quote from a secondary source all along. Write should accord with corresponding standard, the amount is unfavorable and overmuch, unfavorable cite schoolbook.
The paper that finish or contribute date
The requirement is accurate.
Appendix part
Graph, watch, photograph
The design of watch, graph ought to correct and reasonable, compendious clarity, avoid to repeat with trival, want to have title. The watch should start to talk, the photograph wants size appropriate.
Add: Examination questions is referenced 2006 the answer
One, ABCAB of of of the odd ADDCC that choose
2, of fill a vacancy 1, research of academic sex of of research of sex of experiment of of observation sex research
2, pure and random sample statified sampling system sampling cluster sampling
3, inter block of mutation of total mutation across block mutates
3, slightly
4, computation (1) case of illness contrasts research, the case of illness that match contrasts research
(2) contrast to basically expose element, jumbly element in wanting to be able to represent a confluence to wait publish a feature. Have to coordinate representative and can compare a gender.
(3) in the subject, first selection analysis: Group of case of illness (take estrogen) with contrast group (did not take) expose rate have without significance difference; If expose,lead have statistical difference, calculate then expose the associated intensity with the disease, be worth judgement from OR, OR value is more than 1, explain both has more powerful connection.
(4) conclusion one, the exposure of two groups of crowds is led have statistical difference.
Conclusion 2, the sicken rate of cancer of the film inside the uterus of two groups of crowds is different, the woman sicken rate that the woman of menopause use estrogen passes than was not being used is high, from OR the value can see, woman menopause use estrogen and suffer from cancer of the film inside the uterus to have more powerful connection.
(attention, OR value calculation is simple, oneself calculate: 7.53 ﹥ of OR ＝ 113/15 ＝ 1)
