Medical consultant fields questions on H1N1 virus - 1 May 09
21, the issue that selects proper research spot to want to which a few respects note?
(1) this area population compares stability relatively, fluidity is small, the research crowd that can assure to the experiment can go on wheels and want to have sufficient amount. (2) this area has taller and the stable incidence of a disease that studies a disease, with period send ill number enoughly from time to tome in research end, get effective statistic is analysed thereby. (3) the research to contagious disease, when be like the immune effect that evaluates vaccine, eruptive or those who study the spot should not experience this disease inside the near future is popular. (4) place has requirement of better medical treatment sanitation, orgnaization of wholesome epidemic prevention is more perfect, system of the disease report that register is more perfect, have requirement of better sickness prophylaxis and treatment, make a diagnosis and give treatment. (5) this district leader takes seriously and support, masses is willing to accept, have better synergic requirement.
22, kind what do experiment and complete epidemiology experiment research have to differ?
Sex of the look up before a complete epidemiology experiment considers that he must be had, reasonable setting contrasts, interpose measure and randomization in group 4 main features. If an experiment studies,lack or a few main features, this kind of experiment is called kind of experiment or experiment partly. Kind the experiment can be divided contrast to the setting contrasts and be not set two sort.
Kind of the experiment systimatic as identical as complete epidemiology experiment research, ; And essential different point depends on, kind although the experiment is set contrast, but research target did not allocate randomly, perhaps be restricted as a result of conditional place and did not contrast completely, can do oneself parachuter to contrast only or compare with foregone and foregone result. Between actual application, kind the experiment is commonly used at studying big, range is wide and object amount is actual the circumstance does not allow random to studying a target in group circumstance.
23, what is completely random design? The meeting below what circumstance uses it?
Completely random design is to will suffer try an object to assign different processing team by random principle, offer element be tryinged respectively next, undertake to their effect parallel of the corresponding period observes again, undertake to experimental result statistic is analysed finally.
Completely random design is the experiment method of only factor, go easily simply and statistical analysis is simple, it is medical design of commonly used a kind of experiment is in scientific research. But the efficiency of completely random design is designed under conjugate (two groups) design with conpatibility of medicals (much group) , and because error of sampling is likely bigger in experiment of little sample book and basic need not.
Every two groups of experiments cannot conjugate or much group experiment cannot the circumstance of conpatibility of medicals, all can use completely random design. In clinical scientific research, apply to those who be not specialized subject ward to compare research; In laboratory research, this kind designs what basically be used at big animal and rare animal to compare an experiment.
24, what is meant by conjugate design? What kind does common conjugate design have?
Conjugate design is to point to suffer try an object to go up to be designed identically identical or basically in some or element of a few features. The most essential point that conjugate designs is to reduce suffer try the individual mutation between the object, reduce experimental error thereby, improve experimental efficiency, and secret wants sample size less, but not be any experiments all can adopt conjugate to design. Common type has:
(1) around conjugate design. It is oneself actually, contrast experiment, it is try an object in order to suffer to press suffer the variable before trying to regard as contrast value, regard effect as the value the variable value after action of element be tryinged, add subtration by this observation is a certain quantity of base line condition suffers identically try an object, be opposite next the change of index of reaction of around of action of element be tryinged does statistic to examine.
(2) variant conjugate design. Will suffer try an object according to certain conjugate condition (decide according to professional knowledge and research purpose) , the feature same two each system match two pairs, , press random method in two pairs interior next, one allocates experimental group, another allocates contrast group, end product tries to compare with matching the statistical method of bisect analyse.
(3) alternate design. Variant conjugate two groups early or late across accepts two kinds of processing, another processing is accepted after action of a group of processing disappears completely afore namely, the effect that handles to two kinds finally has trade off study. This kind of method holds the advantage of variant and oneself conjugate concurrently, managing example is reciprocal, but premise condition is satisfied harder, basically use at example origin in medical scientific research less and suffer try object condition to compare constant situation.
25, clinical above those who be opposite is basic it is a patient, why to have animal test even, talk about your view.
The advantage that this basically should experiment from the animal reachs his to be mentioned in medical developing action.
The main task that medical studies is health of people of precaution and the disease that treat the mankind, safeguard. Theoretic the test that has with person itself is in learned more accord with logistic, more authentic, but it is OK to have partial disease and healthy problem only in fact the double, observation that passes pair of patients namely clinical experience is accumulated solve, but the confine that because go up in time and space,this kind of observation studies, its conviction is not strong, scientific sex is defective, and do an experiment to have with the person directly sometimes violate ethical ethics. At this moment animal experiment can have a very good bridge effect.
The ultimate goal of animal experiment, carry the research of pair of animal itself biological phenomena namely, then counteractive push use the mankind, probe life mystery of the mankind, control human disease and consenescence, improve human life. The effect that animal experiment studies to medical has: (1) the main component that experimental animal is modern science and technology 2; It is the foundation that life science studies and essential condition; (3) it is to measure a of a country or discretion of level of scientific research of unit of a scientific research important sign.
Consider to be compared with other, animal experiment has the following advantage: (1) problem of ethics of not large presence (2) shorten study time (3) increase can compare a gender (4) make simplification of complex medical problem (5) essence of disease of more comprehensive understanding (6) relatively convenient (7) establish.
On medical phylogeny, a lot of major discovery all are mixed animal experiment is close together and relevant, especially those are epoch-making, of milepost type, the revolutionary discovery that develops a new field, some respect advance rapidly that brings about medical, mostly morality discovers in the lab, animal test result cannot be done not have.
Anyhow, in medical scientific research and practice, often pass the observation of animal experiment and analysis, will consider and solve the problem that medical exists. Animal experiment is the main component of modern science and technology, animal experiment method already made the indispensable important instrument in job of medical scientific research.
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